Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments, which condemns disproportionate and irrational penalties in general as well as torture and the death penalty, is said to mark the peak of Enlightenment in Milan. Its translations were widely read by statesmen and policy makers in Britain, America and France. This translation also features the anonymous commentary, attributed to Voltaire. - Summary by Carolin
IntroductionPreface by the Translator of M.D. Voltaire's CommentaryChapter I - On the Origin of PunishmentsChapter II - On the Right to PunishChapter III - Consequences of the foregoing principlesChapter IV - Of the Interpretation of LawsChapter V - Of the Obscurity of LawsChapter VI - Of the Proportion between Crimes and PunishmentsChapter VII - Of Estimating the Degree of CrimesChapter VIII - Of the Division of CrimesChapter IX - Of HonourChapter X - Of DuellingChapter XI - Of Crimes which Disturb Public TranquillityChapter XII - Of the Intent of PunishmentsChapter XIII - Of the Credibility of WitnessesChapter XIV - Of Evidence and the Proofs of a Crime, and of the Form of JudgmentChapter XV - Of Secret AccusationChapter XVI - Of TortureChapter XVII - Of Pecuniary PunishmentsChapter XVIII - Of OathsChapter XIX - Of the Advantage of Immediate PunishmentChapter XX - Of Acts of ViolenceChapter XXI - Of the Punishment of the NoblesChapter XXII - Of RobberyChapter XXIII - Of Infamy considered as a PunishmentChapter XXIV - Of IdlenessChapter XXV - Of Banishment and ConfiscationChapter XXVI - Of the Spirit of Family in StatesChapter XXVII - Of the Mildness of PunishmentsChapter XXVIII - Of the Punishment of DeathChapter XXIX - Of ImprisonmentChapter XXX - Of Prosecution and PrescriptionChapter XXXI - Of Crimes of Difficult ProofChapter XXXII - Of SuicideChapter XXXIII - Of SmugglingChapter XXXIV - Of BankruptsChapter XXXV - Of SanctuariesChapter XXXVI - Of Rewards for Apprehending or Killing CriminalsChapter XXXVII - Of Attempts, Acomplices and PardonChapter XXXVIII - Of Suggestive InterrogationsChapter XXXIX - Of a Peculiar Kind of CrimesChapter XL - Of False Ideas of UtilityChapter XLI - Of the Means of Preventing CrimesChapter XLII - Of the SciencesChapter XLIII - Of MagistratesChapter XLIV - Of RewardsChapter XLV - Of EducationChapter XLVI - Of PardonsChapter XLVII - ConclusionCommentary - Chapter I - The Circumstances that Occasioned this CommentaryCommentary - Chapter II - Of PunishmentsCommentary - Chapter III - Of the Punishment of HereticsCommentary - Chapter IV - Of the Extirpation of HeresiesCommentary - Chapter V - Of Blasphemy and ProfanationCommentary - Chapter VI - Of the Indulgence of the Romans in Matters of ReligionCommentary - Chapter VII - Of the Crime of Unlawful Preaching - Story of AnthonyCommentary - Chapter VIII - The Story of Simon MorinCommentary - Chapter IX - Of WitchesCommentary - Chapter X - Of Capital PunishmentCommentary - Chapter XI - Of the Execution of SentencesCommentary - Chapter XII - Of TortureCommentary - Chapter XIII - Of Certain Sanguinary TribunalsCommentary - Chapter XIV - Of the Difference Between Political and Natural LawsCommentary - Chapter XV - Of the Crime of High Treason - Of Titus Oates and of the Death of Augustine de ThouCommentary - Chapter XVI - Of the Revealing of Crimes (Before Commission) by Religious ConfessionCommentary - Chapter XVII - Of Counterfeiting MoneyCommentary - Chapter XVIII - Of Domestic TheftCommentary - Chapter XIX - Of SuicideCommentary - Chapter XX - Of a Certain Species of MutilationCommentary - Chapter XXI - Of the Confiscation Consequent upon all the Crimes which Have Been MentionedCommentary - Chapter XXII - Of Criminal Proceedings, and of Some Other Forms of ProcedureCommentary - Chapter XXIII - The Idea of a Reform Suggested
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